Murray Drilling Company

Complete Guide to Water System Design & Proper Sizing

Designing a water system is about more than connecting a well to a pump and pipes. A dependable system must be sized around your property, water demand, well conditions, pressure needs, future plans, and location.

At Murray Drilling Company, we design water systems based on need, performance, and long-term reliability — not simply the cheapest upfront option.

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Murray Drilling Company water system design and drilling truck

Water System Design Based on Need, Not the Wallet

The biggest mistake in water system design is choosing the cheapest route without considering long-term performance. Your water system is one of the most important systems on your property, supporting drinking water, fixtures, appliances, irrigation, livestock, and future expansion.

A properly designed system delivers reliable water pressure, efficient pump operation, and equipment longevity. An undersized or poorly matched system can lead to low pressure, premature pump failure, wasted energy, and expensive upgrades later.

Need

System sizing starts with how the water will actually be used. Household size, bathrooms, fixtures, appliances, outdoor plans, livestock, irrigation, and future expansion all affect water demand.

Location

Well depth, pumping level, elevation changes, distance to the home, soil conditions, and local water availability all influence pump selection, pressure requirements, and system design.

Understanding the Main Parts of a Water System

A water system is made of interrelated components. Each part needs to be properly matched so the system can deliver reliable flow and pressure without unnecessary strain.

Water Source

Usually a well, but may also include a cistern, spring, or municipal connection depending on the property.

Pump

Moves water from the source. Options may include submersible pumps, jet pumps, booster pumps, or VFD-controlled systems.

Pressure Tank

Stores water under pressure, reduces short cycling, and helps maintain steady pressure throughout the system.

Piping System

Transports water to the home, outbuildings, irrigation zones, livestock areas, or other usage points.

Controls

Pressure switches, relays, and control systems help automate operation and protect equipment.

Filtration & Treatment

Water quality issues such as sediment, bacteria, minerals, or hardness may require filtration or treatment equipment.

Water system location planning and well depth considerations
Why Proper Sizing Matters

Sizing Is Not Guessing — It Is Calculating

Proper sizing helps ensure the pump does not work too hard, the pressure tank cycles efficiently, and the system delivers enough water without waste or strain.

Under-sizing can cause poor pressure, inadequate flow, and pump burnout. Over-sizing can increase energy use, shorten equipment life, and create unnecessary operating costs. The goal is to keep every component working within its proper performance range.

Step-by-Step Water System Sizing Process

A reliable design starts with real-world usage, flow requirements, pressure needs, pump selection, and properly matched equipment.

01

Calculate Water Demand

We evaluate how much water the system must support during daily and peak use. Factors include people, bathrooms, fixtures, appliances, irrigation, livestock, pools, fountains, greenhouses, and future plans.

02

Determine Flow Rate

Flow rate is measured in gallons per minute. The system must handle peak use without major pressure drops, especially when multiple fixtures, appliances, or outdoor demands are active at once.

03

Calculate Total Dynamic Head

Total Dynamic Head includes static lift, friction loss through pipes and fittings, elevation changes, and the desired pressure at the point of use. This calculation helps determine pump type and horsepower.

04

Select the Right Pump

Pump selection is based on flow rate, well depth, pumping level, pressure requirements, and system layout. Deep wells often require submersible pumps, while other applications may need jet pumps, booster pumps, or VFD options.

05

Size the Pressure Tank

The pressure tank reduces pump cycling and helps maintain consistent pressure. Tank sizing depends on pump flow, drawdown capacity, and pressure settings. An undersized tank can shorten pump life.

06

Plan for Water Quality & Maintenance

Filtration, treatment, disinfection, inspections, and future service access are part of a dependable design. A well-built system should be maintainable, efficient, and ready for changing property needs.

Example Water System Sizing Factors

These examples show why water system design should be calculated carefully instead of guessed. Fixture demand, pressure requirements, elevation, pipe distance, and well depth all affect the final system design.

Example Fixture Demand

Flow rate is measured in gallons per minute. A system must be sized to handle likely peak use without major pressure drops.

Shower: 2.5 GPM
Toilet: 3.0 GPM during flush
Washing Machine: 2.0 GPM
Dishwasher: 1.5 GPM

A typical home may need roughly 10–15 GPM during peak use. Larger homes, irrigation systems, farms, livestock properties, or commercial operations may require significantly more.

Example Total Dynamic Head

Total Dynamic Head measures the resistance the pump must overcome, including lift, friction loss, and desired pressure.

Static Head: 120 feet
Friction Loss: 30 feet
Pressure Requirement: 50 PSI × 2.31 = 115.5 feet
Total TDH: 120 + 30 + 115.5 = 265.5 feet

This number helps determine the pump type, horsepower, and performance curve needed for reliable operation.

Design Considerations by Property Type

Different properties require different water system priorities. A home, farm, livestock property, or commercial site should never be sized with a one-size-fits-all approach.

Residential Properties

Residential systems need steady pressure across fixtures, quiet operation, reliable pump cycling, future expansion planning, and proper tank sizing for everyday household use.

Agriculture & Livestock

Farms and rural properties may require higher-volume systems for irrigation, livestock watering, seasonal demand, frost protection, and durable long-term operation.

Commercial & Industrial

Larger systems may require complex plumbing networks, backup planning, automation, higher peak flow, water treatment, and careful coordination with codes and authorities.

Cheap Water Systems Can Become Expensive Problems

Cutting back on depth, installing the smallest pumping equipment available, or choosing low-quality components can lead to poor performance, premature equipment failure, and costly replacement work. A system that saves money today may cost far more in repairs, upgrades, and inconvenience later.

We are positive we will not always be the fastest scheduled job or the cheapest bid you receive. Our goal is to provide a properly designed, quality system at a fair price.

Call Us Today for an Appointment

Need help planning a new water system, upgrading an existing setup, or understanding what size system your property really needs? Murray Drilling Company can help you design around performance, reliability, and long-term value.

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